Period 2 Review: 1607–1754

1. Big Picture

• Time: 1607 (Jamestown) to 1754 (French and Indian War)
• European countries fight for land and power in America.
• The 13 English colonies are born. They develop different economies and ways of life.
• Slavery grows and becomes a legal, racial system.

2. The 13 English Colonies

3. Why People Came

4. Important Events & Conflicts

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

• Somebody: Nathaniel Bacon and poor frontier settlers (including indentured servants and slaves)
• Wanted: more land and protection from Native American resistance to their land being stolen
• But: Governor William Berkeley (representing rich planters) refused and taxed them, without much protection
• So: Bacon’s Rebellion burned Jamestown. After Bacon died of disease, the rebellion failed, but it scared the rich planters into using more African slaves and fewer white indentured servants.

King Philip’s War A.K.A. Metacom’s War (1675-1676)

• Somebody: Wampanoag leader Metacom (colonists called him “King Philip” for some reason)
• Wanted: to stop New England colonists from taking more Native American land and to protect his culture
• But: the colonists kept stealing land and saying their laws allowed it
• So: Metacom got tribes to work together to attack colonial towns. It was a very deadly war. The colonists won. Native American power in New England decreased a lot.

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

• Somebody: The Spanish colonists
• Wanted: to force the Pueblo to become Catholic and work for them
• But: the Pueblo wanted to keep their own religion, culture, and freedom
• So: the Pueblo revolted and pushed the Spanish out of New Mexico for 12 years. It was the most successful Native American resistance against the Spanish.

The French and Indian War (1754-1763)

• Somebody: Great Britain and France
• Wanted: the Ohio River Valley for the fur trade and settlement
• But: they both claimed the same land, and their Native American allies were also fighting
• So: they fought a war. Britain won and got almost all of France’s land in North America, but the expensive war led Britain to tax the colonies and say they could not go West, making them angry. France had many allies. Britain had just one major ally: The Iroquois.

5. Slavery Grows

• 1619: The first enslaved Africans arrive in Virginia.
• At first, they could sometimes earn freedom. But soon, laws made slavery permanent and racial.
• Slave Codes: Laws that said children of slave mothers were also slaves, and made it illegal to teach slaves to read.
• Stono Rebellion (1739): A slave uprising that started at the Stono River in South Carolina. It failed and led to even harsher slave codes.

6. Important Years

• 1607: Jamestown founded (first successful long-term English colony)
• 1619:
  • First enslaved Africans arrive.
  • House of Burgesses created (first representative government in the colonies)
• 1620: Mayflower Compact signed (Pilgrims promise to follow their own laws)
• 1630: Puritans found Massachusetts Bay Colony
• 1675-1676: King Philip’s War
• 1676: Bacon’s Rebellion
• 1680: Pueblo Revolt
• 1754: French and Indian War begins

7. Must-Know Vocabulary

8. Practice Questions

SAQ 1

a. Identify ONE reason the Puritans founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony. b. Explain ONE difference between the economy of the New England colonies and the Southern colonies. c. Explain ONE reason the French and Indian War started.

SAQ 2

a. Identify ONE result of Bacon’s Rebellion. b. Describe the purpose of the Mayflower Compact. c. Explain ONE reason the use of African slavery increased in the Southern colonies.

LEQ

Evaluate the extent to which the experience in the New England colonies was different from the experience in the Southern colonies from 1607 to 1754. (Use at least 3 pieces of evidence: economy, religion, society, etc.)

LEQ (CCOT)

Evaluate the extent to which the relationship between the American colonists and Great Britain changed from 1607 to 1754.

9. How to answer LEQs

Part 1: Intro & Thesis Before [START DATE or EVENT], [BACKGROUND]. While [CONTINUITY] did not change much, [QUESTION TOPIC] changed due to [THE THING THAT CHANGED] because [REASON].

Part 2: Evidence & Analysis The change to [CHANGE] is shown by [EVIDENCE]. Despite this, [CONTINUITY] continued, as seen in [EVIDENCE].

Part 3: Significance Therefore, [QUESTION TOPIC] was transformed by [THE THING THAT CHANGED] but was still defined by [CONTINUITY], setting up [WHAT HAPPENED NEXT?].

The following is a computer translation, so I hope it isn’t super wrong.

*第一部分：引言 & 论点 在 [起始年份或事件] 之前，[背景情况]。虽然 [延续性的事物] 没有太大变化，但 [题目主题] 因为 [原因] 而在 [发生变化的事物] 方面发生了改变。

第二部分：证据 & 分析 向 [发生变化的事物] 的转变可以通过 [具体证据] 来证明。尽管如此，[延续性的事物] 仍然持续存在，这体现在 [具体证据] 中。

第三部分：意义 因此，[题目主题] 被 [发生变化的事物] 所改变，但仍然由 [延续性的事物] 所定义，这为 [接下来发生了什么？] 奠定了基础。第一部分：引言 & 论点* 在 [起始年份或事件] 之前，[背景情况]。虽然 [延续性的事物] 没有太大变化，但 [题目主题] 因为 [原因] 而在 [发生变化的事物] 方面发生了改变。

第二部分：证据 & 分析 向 [发生变化的事物] 的转变可以通过 [具体证据] 来证明。尽管如此，[延续性的事物] 仍然持续存在，这体现在 [具体证据] 中。

第三部分：意义 因此，[题目主题] 被 [发生变化的事物] 所改变，但仍然由 [延续性的事物] 所定义，这为 [接下来发生了什么？] 奠定了基础。