An Overview of the Things We’ve Done

Over the past several weeks, we’ve explored two foundational works of English literature: the epic poem Beowulf from the Old English period and Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales (The Wife of Bath’s Tale [her name is Alison]) from the Middle English period. This review will, hopefully, help you get the key concepts, themes, and literary elements we’ve studied.

There were many changes in poetry in the time between Beowulf and Canterbury Tales, but the difference between the two which is most immediately obvious to the casual observer is that Canterbury Tales features end-rhymes. Beowulf has alliteration and Canterbury Tales rhymes. We (English speakers) got rhyming in poems from the French in the Norman Conquest in 1066. Before that poems basically never rhymed in English.

Period 2 Review: 1607–1754

1. Big Picture

• Time: 1607 (Jamestown) to 1754 (French and Indian War)
• European countries fight for land and power in America.
• The 13 English colonies are born. They develop different economies and ways of life.
• Slavery grows and becomes a legal, racial system.

2. The 13 English Colonies

3. Why People Came

4. Important Events & Conflicts

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

• Somebody: Nathaniel Bacon and poor frontier settlers (including indentured servants and slaves)
• Wanted: more land and protection from Native American resistance to their land being stolen
• But: Governor William Berkeley (representing rich planters) refused and taxed them, without much protection
• So: Bacon’s Rebellion burned Jamestown. After Bacon died of disease, the rebellion failed, but it scared the rich planters into using more African slaves and fewer white indentured servants.

King Philip’s War A.K.A. Metacom’s War (1675-1676)

• Somebody: Wampanoag leader Metacom (colonists called him “King Philip” for some reason)
• Wanted: to stop New England colonists from taking more Native American land and to protect his culture
• But: the colonists kept stealing land and saying their laws allowed it
• So: Metacom got tribes to work together to attack colonial towns. It was a very deadly war. The colonists won. Native American power in New England decreased a lot.

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

• Somebody: The Spanish colonists
• Wanted: to force the Pueblo to become Catholic and work for them
• But: the Pueblo wanted to keep their own religion, culture, and freedom
• So: the Pueblo revolted and pushed the Spanish out of New Mexico for 12 years. It was the most successful Native American resistance against the Spanish.

The French and Indian War (1754-1763)

• Somebody: Great Britain and France
• Wanted: the Ohio River Valley for the fur trade and settlement
• But: they both claimed the same land, and their Native American allies were also fighting
• So: they fought a war. Britain won and got almost all of France’s land in North America, but the expensive war led Britain to tax the colonies and say they could not go West, making them angry. France had many allies. Britain had just one major ally: The Iroquois.

5. Slavery Grows

• 1619: The first enslaved Africans arrive in Virginia.
• At first, they could sometimes earn freedom. But soon, laws made slavery permanent and racial.
• Slave Codes: Laws that said children of slave mothers were also slaves, and made it illegal to teach slaves to read.
• Stono Rebellion (1739): A slave uprising that started at the Stono River in South Carolina. It failed and led to even harsher slave codes.

6. Important Years

• 1607: Jamestown founded (first successful long-term English colony)
• 1619:
  • First enslaved Africans arrive.
  • House of Burgesses created (first representative government in the colonies)
• 1620: Mayflower Compact signed (Pilgrims promise to follow their own laws)
• 1630: Puritans found Massachusetts Bay Colony
• 1675-1676: King Philip’s War
• 1676: Bacon’s Rebellion
• 1680: Pueblo Revolt
• 1754: French and Indian War begins

7. Must-Know Vocabulary

8. Practice Questions

SAQ 1

a. Identify ONE reason the Puritans founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony. b. Explain ONE difference between the economy of the New England colonies and the Southern colonies. c. Explain ONE reason the French and Indian War started.

Here’s what you’ll need to be able to do for the midterm:

Key Concepts to Understand

You should be able to define and explain these important terms:

• Supply and Demand Basics: Supply, Law of Supply, Demand, Law of Demand, Law of Supply and Demand
• Market Outcomes: Equilibrium, Equilibrium Price, Shortage, Surplus
• Goods Classification: Substitute goods, Complementary goods, Normal goods, Inferior goods
• Elasticity Concepts: Price elasticity of demand, Price elasticity of supply, Cross-price elasticity, Income elasticity
• Economic Foundations: Scarcity, Trade-offs, Opportunity cost
• Production & Trade: PPF (Production Possibilities Frontier), Efficiency, Absolute advantage, Comparative advantage, Specialization
• Market Benefits: Producer surplus, Consumer surplus
• Goods Types: Capital goods, Consumer goods

Equations to Remember

Notice: $Q_d$ or $Q_s$ is always on top.

Period 1 Review 32,000 BCE–1607 CE

1. Big Picture

• Time: 32,000 BCE–1607 CE (Very large span of time)
• America was already full of people. After Columbus, plants, animals, diseases, and people start to cross the Atlantic Ocean.

2. Some Native Groups with the type of Information You Must Know (about the tribe you did the project on)

3. European Exploration

• Spain: Gold, God, and Glory
• Portugal: Asian spices, gold (from Africa), and sugar islands.
• France: Fur trade (too late to the party for gold)
• England: Land, religious freedom
• The Netherlands: Trade and commerce (The Dutch West Indies Corporation was one of the first corporations in the world and was created to trade in the islands of the Caribbean)
• New Tools: compasses, astrolabes (for telling time [remember with “clock”]), and caravels, (also guns).

4. Spanish Encomienda System

1. The Spanish king gives land and any Native people living on that land to a Spanish soldier or settler.
2. The encomendero (person who owns the encomienda) must:
   • Teach Spanish and Catholicism
   • Protect the Natives
3. The encomendero can
   • Take workers for farming, mining, or building (much like slavery)
   • Collect tribute (corn, cloth, gold)
4. Natives are beaten, over-worked, killed, and die from European diseases. Many run away. Replaced by African slaves.
5. Native Population drops 50–90%. Spanish king makes New Laws (1542) (thanks to Bartolome de las Casas) to stop abuse, but settlers ignore the laws.

5. Columbian Exchange

Old World → New World Horses, pigs, wheat, sugar, smallpox, influenza, African slaves

Assessment

File Name

Pinyin name (English name)-1ENO20-AT1-T2P1.docx

You should DEFINITELY have

1. A list of stakeholders in your market
2. A list of events that have happened in your market

You should be working on

a paragraph about how the stakeholders were affected for each event.

Review:

Vocabulary:

• Qs>Qd = surplus
• Qs<Qd = shortage

The point where supply and demand cross is called equilibrium. If the market is not at equilibrium because of a shift in demand (HISAGE) or a shift in supply (STORES), the word is disequilibrium.

Please review demand and demand curves, etc. here: https://www.economicshelp.org/microessays/equilibrium/demand/ (Note: this also talks about price elasticity of demand, which we have not covered yet. We will cover that soon.)

Law of Demand and Law of Supply

The Law of Demand is that price and quantity demanded have an inverse relationship. When price goes down, quantity demanded goes up. When price goes up, quantity demanded goes down. Like the Disco dance I did for you.