G10 History Period 1
Period 1 Review 32,000 BCE–1607 CE
1. Big Picture
- Time: 32,000 BCE–1607 CE (Very large span of time)
- America was already full of people. After Columbus, plants, animals, diseases, and people start to cross the Atlantic Ocean.
Note
English has one word to mean “Across the Atlantic Ocean”:
Transatlantic
2. Some Native Groups with the type of Information You Must Know (about the tribe you did the project on)
| Name | Place | Housing | Known For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Algonquians | Northeast USA | Wigwams (wood & bark) | First to trade with English, fur |
| Cherokee | South Appalachia | Longhouses | Big farms, later made their own writing system |
| Chinook | Northwest USA | Cedar plank houses | Salmon, totem poles |
| Comanche | South Plains | Tipis | Horse culture developed later, trade roads |
| Hopi | Southwest USA | Adobe | Dry farming, kachina dolls |
| Inuit | Arctic | Igloos / skin tents | Harpoons, kayaks |
| Iroquois | Northeast USA | Longhouses | 5-nation union (later 6), women choose chiefs |
| Mohawk | Northeast USA | Longhouses | Eastern door guards |
| Muscogee | Southeast USA | Wattle-daub houses | Powerful SE nation, matrilineal clans |
| Navajo | Southwest USA | Hogans (6-side logs) | Sheep, weaving |
| Pueblo & Zuni | Southwest USA | Adobe pueblos | Maize, kivas |
| Sioux | The Great Plains | Tipis | Bison, horse culture developed later |
| Wampanoag | Northeast USA | Wetu (bark) | Helped Pilgrims |
3. European Exploration
- Spain: Gold, God, and Glory
- Portugal: Asian spices, gold (from Africa), and sugar islands.
- France: Fur trade (too late to the party for gold)
- England: Land, religious freedom
- The Netherlands: Trade and commerce (The Dutch West Indies Corporation was one of the first corporations in the world and was created to trade in the islands of the Caribbean)
- New Tools: compasses, astrolabes (for telling time [remember with “clock”]), and caravels, (also guns).
4. Spanish Encomienda System
- The Spanish king gives land and any Native people living on that land to a Spanish soldier or settler.
- The encomendero (person who owns the encomienda) must:
- Teach Spanish and Catholicism
- Protect the Natives
- The encomendero can
- Take workers for farming, mining, or building (much like slavery)
- Collect tribute (corn, cloth, gold)
- Natives are beaten, over-worked, killed, and die from European diseases. Many run away. Replaced by African slaves.
- Native Population drops 50–90%. Spanish king makes New Laws (1542) (thanks to Bartolome de las Casas) to stop abuse, but settlers ignore the laws.
5. Columbian Exchange
Old World → New World Horses, pigs, wheat, sugar, smallpox, influenza, African slaves
