Popularity

The Constitution was not instantly popular, and ratifying it required 9/13 votes. A new, stronger government? Scary! Who thought it was a good idea and how did they convince others about it? Who thought it was a bad idea and what were they afraid of?

The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists

Federalists

Federalists wrote 85 essays on why the new Constitution is cool and good, actually. The 85 essays are together called The Federalist Papers

Period 3-2 Review (1781-1789)

From Confederation to Constitution

1. The Big Picture

• Time: 1781-1789
• After winning independence, the new United States almost failed. The government under the Articles of Confederation (AoC) was too weak. This period is defined by the struggle between state power and federal (national) power.
• The Turning Point: Problems under the AoC made leaders get rid of it and write a completely new U.S. Constitution at the Constitutional Convention in 1787.

2. The Articles of Confederation (AoC) (1781-1789)

Structure: A “Firm League of Friendship”

• Central Government: One “branch” only—a Congress (Legislative). No President (Executive). No National Courts (Judicial).
• Power Dynamic: The states kept almost all power. The national government was weak on purpose because Americans feared a strong central government like King George III.

The Three Fatal Problems of the AoC

3. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

This is the most impactful and lasting thing the AoC government did.

Shays’ Rebellion

What Was It?

Shays’ Rebellion was a protest by farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786 and 1787. After the Revolutionary War, many farmers were poor and in debt. The state government began taking their land and possessions when they could not pay their taxes and debts. The farmers felt this was unfair and decided to fight back.

Why Did It Happen?

• Debt and Taxes: After the war, there was very little money. The state government demanded that people pay their taxes and debts with gold and silver coins, which were hard to find.
• Farmers Losing Land: When farmers could not pay, the courts would take away their farms and sometimes put them in jail.
• Unfair Treatment: Many of the farmers were veterans of the Revolutionary War. They had fought for freedom but felt the new government was treating them like the British had.

What Did the Protesters Do?

The protesters, sometimes called Shaysites, began by using peaceful methods. When that did not work, they used force.

The PPT

Here are the slides for the market structures.

File Name

Pinyin name (English name)-1ENO-AT1-T1P1

Sources

References Section

Put a References page at the end of your 500 words.

What to Put in the References Section.

1. Use this website.
2. Click Harvard (Australia) (do not give me Harvard.)
3. Click enter manually (Using the automatic option by pasting your website’s URL will often yield false results)
4. Enter the information
5. Copy the citation
6. Paste the citation in the References section

How to Format References

1. Put each citation on its own line.
2. Put citations in alphabetical order.
3. Make sure to italicize correctly because that formatting doesn’t always copy into WPS from the generator.
4. Make each citation a hanging indent. Like this:

Supply and Demand Review

In the last 11 weeks, we have done a lot, so I have made this as a study guide to explain how supply and demand work, how prices are decided in markets, and why they change. These are some of the most important parts in economics and make up 15-25% of the Y12 economics exam as well as the AP exam. This unit has many new words, so use the Chinese translations to help you remember.

Welcome to Unit 3!

This unit explains why America fought Britain and how America won independence. This has a lot more names and dates to remember than our previous two units, so be prepared.